Isabelle

Formal-language theorem proving

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What it does

Isabelle provides a generic proof assistant expressing formulas in formal languages and using logical calculi and supporting tools to construct mechanically checkable proofs.

When to use it

For structured proofs, consult Isar and logic references to understand theorem statements and the relationship between successive reasoning steps.

Agda

Dependent types for programs and proofs

  • verification
  • programming

Research

Rocq

Interactive formal reasoning

  • verification
  • programming

Research

Dafny

Programming with specifications and verification

  • verification
  • programming

Research